Kraus J F, Black M A, Hessol N, Ley P, Rokaw W, Sullivan C, Bowers S, Knowlton S, Marshall L
Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Feb;119(2):186-201. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113737.
Studies on the incidence and epidemiologic features of brain injury and the immediate medical outcomes are few, and published results have serious methodological inconsistencies which prohibit comparisons. This study provides incidence rates of brain injury among the residents of San Diego, California. Cases had clinical confirmation and onset of injury occurred during 1981. The 3358 cases identified represent a rate of 180/100,000 with males having a 2.2 times higher rate than females. Rates were highest for males aged 15-24 years and, for both genders, those over age 70. Forty-eight per cent of all cases were from transport-related causes, followed by falls (21%) and assaults (12%). Over 11% were dead-on-arrival, and 16% were classified as having moderate or severe brain damage on admission to a hospital. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates varied according to external cause of injury. For example, for most subcategories of motor vehicle crashes and for assaults, the incidence rate was highest among males aged 15-24, while for brain injuries from falls or firearms, highest incidence rates were observed in older age groups. Almost 7% of all cases discharged alive from an acute care hospital had significant neurologic sequelae. The impact of brain injury is discussed as a major unresolved public health problem.
关于脑损伤的发病率、流行病学特征以及即时医疗结果的研究很少，已发表的结果存在严重的方法学不一致性，无法进行比较。本研究提供了加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥居民脑损伤的发病率。病例均经临床确诊，损伤发生于1981年。所确定的3358例病例的发病率为180/10万，男性发病率是女性的2.2倍。15 - 24岁男性的发病率最高，70岁以上的男性和女性发病率也较高。所有病例中有48%源于与交通相关的原因，其次是跌倒（21%）和袭击（12%）。超过11%的患者入院时已死亡，16%的患者入院时被归类为中度或重度脑损伤。按年龄和性别划分的发病率因损伤的外部原因而异。例如，在大多数机动车碰撞和袭击的子类别中，15 - 24岁男性的发病率最高，而对于跌倒或火器导致的脑损伤，最高发病率出现在老年人群体中。从急性护理医院存活出院的所有病例中，近7%有明显的神经后遗症。脑损伤的影响被作为一个主要的未解决的公共卫生问题进行了讨论。
