Johnson L B, Carwile A C
J Biomed Mater Res. 1978 May;12(3):367-80. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820120310.
Silver-tin alloys of various compositions (60-80 atomic % Ag) have been prepared from the melt using cooling rates from about 50 degrees C/hr to about 10(6) degrees C/sec. Structural differences due to the different cooling rates were shown by metallographic and x-ray diffraction techniques. From each composition and cooling rate, powders were then prepared and amalgamated. The amalgams were tested for Hg content, dimensional change during setting, and tensile strength. Changes in cooling rates had some effect on the relative amounts of phases present but primarily affected the grain sizes. In general, the faster the cooling rate, the smaller the grain size; the smaller the grain size, the faster and more uniform the amalgamation; the more uniform the amalgamation, the stronger the amalgam. Storage of the alloy powders at room temperatures slowed their amalgamation rates, destroyed their uniformity,and resulted in weaker amalgams. However, no phase changes were observed by x-ray diffraction in the freshly comminuted alloys after aging at room temperature for two months.
已通过从约50℃/小时至约10⁶℃/秒的冷却速率从熔体中制备出各种成分（60 - 80原子%银）的银锡合金。通过金相和X射线衍射技术显示了由于不同冷却速率导致的结构差异。然后从每种成分和冷却速率制备粉末并进行汞齐化。对汞齐进行汞含量、凝固过程中的尺寸变化和拉伸强度测试。冷却速率的变化对存在的相的相对量有一些影响，但主要影响晶粒尺寸。一般来说，冷却速率越快，晶粒尺寸越小；晶粒尺寸越小，汞齐化越快且越均匀；汞齐化越均匀，汞齐越强。合金粉末在室温下储存会减慢其汞齐化速率，破坏其均匀性，并导致汞齐变弱。然而，在室温下老化两个月后的新鲜粉碎合金中，通过X射线衍射未观察到相变。
