Macher J M, First M W
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1984 Feb;45(2):76-83. doi: 10.1080/15298668491399406.
Microbiological air samplers, designed to be worn as personal samplers, were evaluated for studying occupational exposures to aerosols of infectious and allergenic materials. Gelatin filter media, an impinger sampler, and spiral and cascade impactors were tested for collection efficiency for small (less than or equal to 2 microns) latex spheres and for recovery of bacterial aerosols. Only 20% of an aerosol of 0.8 micron latex particles passed through the impinger uncollected, while recovery of bacteria equalled or exceeded collection in an all-glass impinger. Gelatin filters matched the collection efficiency of membrane filters, but were unsatisfactory for the isolation of bacteria sensitive to dehydration. The spiral sampler and the cascade impactor provide information on the size distribution of collected particles, although, at present, collection efficiencies for very small particles are too low for rigorously quantitative studies. Methods of collection, and sampling strategies for biological aerosols are similar to those used for measuring exposures of workers to chemical and mineral aerosols; however, preparation of samples and identification of isolates may have to be referred to experts in the fields of bacteriology, virology, and mycology.
设计用作个人采样器的微生物空气采样器，针对研究职业性接触传染性和变应原性物质的气溶胶进行了评估。对明胶过滤介质、冲击式采样器、螺旋式冲击器和阶式冲击器进行了测试，以测定其对小（小于或等于2微米）乳胶球的收集效率以及对细菌气溶胶的回收率。0.8微米乳胶颗粒的气溶胶只有20%未被收集而通过冲击式采样器，而细菌的回收率等于或超过全玻璃冲击式采样器的收集率。明胶过滤器的收集效率与膜过滤器相当，但对于对脱水敏感的细菌的分离并不理想。螺旋式采样器和阶式冲击器可提供有关收集颗粒大小分布的信息，不过目前对于非常小的颗粒的收集效率过低，无法进行严格的定量研究。生物气溶胶的收集方法和采样策略与用于测量工人接触化学和矿物气溶胶的方法类似；然而，样品的制备和分离物的鉴定可能必须请教细菌学、病毒学和真菌学领域的专家。
