Tan T L, Kales J D, Kales A, Soldatos C R, Bixler E O
Am J Psychiatry. 1984 Mar;141(3):357-62. doi: 10.1176/ajp.141.3.357.
DSM-III diagnoses were established for 100 patients with chronic insomnia. Principal and additional diagnoses on axis I and II (psychiatric and personality disorders) were extremely prevalent. Only five patients had a principal diagnosis on axis III (physical disorders). The most common diagnoses on axis I were dysthymic, anxiety, somatoform, and substance use disorders. Compulsive personality disorder or trait was the most common axis II diagnosis. Ninety-five patients had multiple diagnoses. This study confirms that patients with chronic insomnia have a high prevalence of psychopathology and characteristic internalizing patterns of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, phobia, and excessive somatic concerns.
为100名慢性失眠患者确定了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版(DSM-III)的诊断结果。第一轴和第二轴(精神疾病和人格障碍)的主要诊断和附加诊断极为普遍。只有5名患者在第三轴(躯体疾病)上有主要诊断。第一轴上最常见的诊断是恶劣心境障碍、焦虑症、躯体形式障碍和物质使用障碍。强迫性人格障碍或特质是第二轴上最常见的诊断。95名患者有多种诊断。这项研究证实,慢性失眠患者精神病理学的患病率很高,且具有焦虑、抑郁、强迫、恐惧和过度躯体担忧等典型的内化模式。