Jerrett I V, McOrist S, Waddington J, Browning J W, Malecki J C, McCausland I P
Cornell Vet. 1984 Jan;74(1):8-20.
During 1981, the fetus, placenta and maternal serum were received from each of 265 bovine abortions. These specimens were examined using histopathological, histochemical, bacteriological, mycological, endocrinological, immunological, serological and virological techniques. The cause of abortion was identified in 98 (37%) cases. Of these diagnosed abortions 27 (28%) were due to infection with fungi, 17 (17%) to Salmonella spp, 11 (11%) to Campylobacter fetus and 10 (10%) to Corynebacterium pyogenes infection. Of the remaining 33 (34%) diagnosed abortions 8 were due to Leptospira sp, 5 due to protozoan (probably Sarcocystis) encephalitis and 20 due to miscellaneous bacterial infections (including Brucella abortus) and fetal deformities. Bovine virus diarrhoea virus was isolated in 5 (2%) abortions, however the significance of the isolations was not known. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and chlamydia were not identified as causal agents in any abortion. In 18 (7%) abortions no definite etiologic agent was identified despite pathological findings suggestive of infection. Fetal heart blood serology and immunoglobulin values were not reliable indicators of infectious abortion. Of the remaining 149 (56%) abortions, 17% had high maternal serum cortisol levels and twin fetuses occurred in 9%.
1981年期间，从265例牛流产病例中分别获取了胎儿、胎盘和母血清。运用组织病理学、组织化学、细菌学、真菌学、内分泌学、免疫学、血清学和病毒学技术对这些标本进行了检查。在98例（37%）病例中确定了流产原因。在这些已确诊的流产病例中，27例（28%）是由真菌感染引起的，17例（17%）是由沙门氏菌属感染引起的，11例（11%）是由胎儿弯曲杆菌感染引起的，10例（10%）是由化脓性棒状杆菌感染引起的。在其余33例（34%）已确诊的流产病例中，8例是由钩端螺旋体属感染引起的，5例是由原生动物（可能是肉孢子虫）脑炎引起的，20例是由其他细菌感染（包括流产布鲁氏菌）和胎儿畸形引起的。在5例（2%）流产病例中分离出了牛病毒性腹泻病毒，然而这些分离结果的意义尚不清楚。在任何流产病例中均未将传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒和衣原体鉴定为致病因子。在18例（7%）流产病例中，尽管病理检查结果提示存在感染，但未确定明确的病原体。胎儿心脏血液血清学和免疫球蛋白值并非传染性流产的可靠指标。在其余149例（56%）流产病例中，17%的病例母血清皮质醇水平较高，9%的病例出现双胎。
