Baucom D H, Danker-Brown P
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984 Feb;46(2):422-30. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.46.2.422.
Eighty undergraduate females participated in a study investigating the relation of sex role identity and sex-stereotyped tasks to the development of learned helplessness in women. Half of the women from four sex role identity groups received bogus feedback and were forced to fail on a concept formation task described to them as either a male- or a female-stereotyped task; the other 40 women succeeded on the task. Failure on the concept formation task produced dysphoric mood in the women, regardless of their sex role identity and regardless of how the concept formation task was described. However, cognitive/motivational symptoms of helplessness were found only among low-masculine women who failed on a male-stereotyped task. These results are compared with previous findings and suggest that feminine-sex-typed women may be particularly susceptible to some helplessness symptoms in contexts defined as male appropriate.
八十名本科女生参与了一项研究，该研究调查性别角色认同和性别刻板任务与女性习得性无助发展之间的关系。来自四个性别角色认同组的一半女性收到了虚假反馈，并在一项被描述为男性或女性刻板任务的概念形成任务中被迫失败；另外40名女性在该任务中取得了成功。无论女性的性别角色认同如何，也无论概念形成任务是如何描述的，在概念形成任务上的失败都会使她们产生烦躁情绪。然而，无助的认知/动机症状仅在那些在男性刻板任务中失败的低男性化女性中被发现。这些结果与之前的研究结果进行了比较，表明在被定义为适合男性的情境中，具有女性性别类型的女性可能特别容易出现一些无助症状。
