Harris C S, Baker S P, Smith G A, Harris R M
JAMA. 1984 May 4;251(17):2231-5.
Data on all identified food-related asphyxiations of infants and children aged 0 to 9 years in 41 states from 1979 to 1981 were analyzed by type of food and age of child. Nationally, one death occurred approximately every five days. More than 90% occurred in infants and children younger than 5 years and 65% in infants younger than 2 years. Round foods were most often mentioned of the 103 foods specifically identified on death certificates. Most frequently cited were hot dog products (17 cases, 17%), candy, ten; nuts, nine; and grapes, eight. Hot dogs caused deaths from infancy through 3 years (more than two thirds of all deaths from meat products) and seven of ten deaths in 3-year-olds. Characteristics of foods, children, and environment can be related to three phases of food asphyxiation: penetration, occlusion, and expulsion. Preventive measures include product modification, warning labels, and dissemination of information on high-risk foods.
对1979年至1981年41个州0至9岁婴幼儿和儿童所有已确认的与食物相关的窒息事件数据，按食物类型和儿童年龄进行了分析。在全国范围内，大约每五天就有1例死亡。超过90%的死亡发生在5岁以下的婴幼儿和儿童中，65%发生在2岁以下的婴儿中。在死亡证明上明确列出的103种食物中，圆形食物最常被提及。最常被提及的是热狗制品（17例，占17%）、糖果，10例；坚果，9例；葡萄，8例。热狗导致的死亡从婴儿期一直到3岁（占所有肉类制品导致死亡的三分之二以上），在3岁儿童的死亡中，十分之七是由热狗导致的。食物、儿童和环境的特征可能与食物窒息的三个阶段有关：穿透、阻塞和排出。预防措施包括产品改良、警示标签以及传播高风险食物的信息。
