Morein B, Sundquist B, Höglund S, Dalsgaard K, Osterhaus A
Nature. 1984;308(5958):457-60. doi: 10.1038/308457a0.
We describe here a novel type of immunostimulating complex, called 'iscom', in which virus membrane proteins are presented in a multimeric form. The matrix of the iscom is the glycoside Quil A (Spikoside; Iscotec AB), extracted from the bark of Quillaja saponaria Molina, which forms micelles at the critical micellar concentration of 0.03%. In micelle form, Quil A probably has regions accessible for hydrophobic interaction with the membrane proteins so that it can form complexes with them. Iscoms have been prepared with membrane proteins of para-influenza-3 (PI-3), measles and rabies viruses, and their immunizing potency tested in animals. In these experiments, iscoms prove to be at least 10 times more potent than micelles formed by aggregation of the membrane proteins alone. Iscoms of PI-3 and measles viruses also stimulate the formation of antibody to the fusion (F) protein, which is considered to be poorly immunogenic. No side effects of iscoms or of protein micelles have been observed.
我们在此描述一种新型免疫刺激复合物，称为“iscom”，其中病毒膜蛋白以多聚体形式呈现。iscom的基质是糖苷Quil A（Spikoside；Iscotec AB），从皂树（Quillaja saponaria Molina）的树皮中提取，在临界胶束浓度为0.03%时形成胶束。以胶束形式存在时，Quil A可能具有可与膜蛋白进行疏水相互作用的区域，从而能与它们形成复合物。已用副流感病毒3型（PI-3）、麻疹病毒和狂犬病病毒的膜蛋白制备了iscom，并在动物中测试了它们的免疫效力。在这些实验中，iscom被证明比仅由膜蛋白聚集形成的胶束效力至少高10倍。PI-3和麻疹病毒的iscom还能刺激针对融合（F）蛋白的抗体形成，而F蛋白被认为免疫原性较差。未观察到iscom或蛋白质胶束有副作用。
