Meudell P R, Mayes A R
Neuropsychologia. 1984;22(1):41-54. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(84)90006-x.
Amnesics show relatively good cued recall (but very poor recognition memory) yet display little confidence in the accuracy of their cued recall responses. In the two studies reported here a similar pattern of results was found in normal subjects who were either tested after a long retention interval or after being given inadequate time to learn target words, i.e. cued recall was relatively unaffected whereas both yes/no recognition of words and confidence in cued recall were much impaired. The finding of equivalent impairment in recognition and confidence in cued recall suggests that these forms of memory are mediated by common memory mechanisms. These mechanisms must be impaired in amnesics and, in normal subjects, are very sensitive to delay and learning exposure manipulations. In contrast, cued recall depends largely on a different form of memory spared in amnesics, and which in normal subjects is less susceptible than recognition memory to delay and brief exposure manipulations.
遗忘症患者表现出相对较好的线索回忆（但识别记忆非常差），然而他们对线索回忆反应的准确性几乎没有信心。在本文报道的两项研究中，在长时间保持间隔后进行测试或在给予学习目标单词的时间不足后进行测试的正常受试者中也发现了类似的结果模式，即线索回忆相对未受影响，而单词的是/否识别和线索回忆的信心均受到很大损害。线索回忆中的识别和信心出现同等程度损害的这一发现表明，这些记忆形式是由共同的记忆机制介导的。这些机制在遗忘症患者中必定受损，而在正常受试者中，对延迟和学习暴露操作非常敏感。相比之下，线索回忆很大程度上依赖于遗忘症患者所保留的一种不同形式的记忆，并且在正常受试者中，这种记忆比识别记忆更不易受到延迟和短暂暴露操作的影响。
