Cosman B
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1984 Apr;73(4):572-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198404000-00009.
Eight and possibly nine cases of a major congenital ear anomaly that has been termed the question mark ear have been presented in the course of the last two decades. The consistency of the appearance of the anomaly and the demonstration that it has in several instances been familial makes it clear that a chance event is not involved, but rather that a consistent anomaly is being described. Appropriate repair requires reduction in size and prominence of the upper ear as well as correction of the waist between the upper ear and the lobule. This anomaly should take its place with the other major congenital defects of the external ear.
在过去二十年中，已经报道了八例，可能还有九例被称为问号耳的主要先天性耳部异常病例。这种异常外观的一致性以及在多个病例中显示出的家族性表明，这并非偶然事件，而是一种具有一致性的异常情况。合适的修复需要减小上耳的大小和突出程度，并矫正上耳与耳垂之间的缩窄处。这种异常应与其他主要的先天性外耳缺陷归为一类。
