Frerichs R R
Sci Total Environ. 1984 Jan 27;32(3):353-63. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(84)90159-1.
The possible health effects of consuming groundwater partially recharged with recycled wastewater were monitored in a long-term study of residents of several communities in eastern Los Angeles County, California. In three phases of ecologic studies, health measures were compared among residents of two recycled water areas (high and low concentration) and two control areas. Included were measures of mortality, reportable illnesses, adverse birth outcomes, and incident cases of cancer. While significant differences were noted among the four study areas when comparing several health outcomes, none of the differences were in a direction to suggest a dose-response relationship between reclaimed water consumption and disease. To supplement findings of the ecologic studies, a household survey was conducted of approximately 2,500 women, half residing in the high recycled water area and half in the control area. The survey provided increased information on reproductive outcomes and on excess effects after controlling for important potential confounding factors such as cigarette use and alcohol consumption. The results of both the ecologic studies and the household survey provide no indication that recycled water has a noticeable harmful effect on the health of a population exposed for nearly two decades.
在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县东部几个社区居民的一项长期研究中，监测了饮用部分由再生废水补给的地下水可能对健康产生的影响。在三个阶段的生态学研究中，对两个再生水区域（高浓度和低浓度）以及两个对照区域的居民的健康指标进行了比较。这些指标包括死亡率、应报告疾病、不良出生结局和癌症发病病例。在比较多个健康结局时，四个研究区域之间存在显著差异，但没有一个差异表明再生水饮用与疾病之间存在剂量反应关系。为了补充生态学研究的结果，对约2500名女性进行了家庭调查，其中一半居住在高再生水区域，一半居住在对照区域。该调查在控制了诸如吸烟和饮酒等重要潜在混杂因素后，提供了关于生殖结局和额外影响的更多信息。生态学研究和家庭调查的结果均未表明再生水对接触了近二十年的人群健康有明显有害影响。
