Combined skeletal and vascular injuries of the lower extremities.

In order to determine the long-term results of surgical treatment in patients with significant combined skeletal and arterial injuries, the authors reviewed the records of those patients treated for this injury between 1970 and 1981, at their institutions. These cases were confined to fractures and/or dislocations of the femur, knee, and tibia which were associated with vascular injuries. Thirty-one patients with 32 injured extremities fit these criteria for our review. The distribution of the orthopedic injuries were as follows: femoral fractures, 16; tibial fractures, 20; and knee dislocations, four. Fifty percent of the injuries had neurologic deficit; significant soft tissue injury was present in 22 extremities; and all but 4 had attempted arterial revascularization. Vascular procedures included saphenous vein by-pass, saphenous vein interposition, end-to-end anastomosis and lateral arteriorrhaphy. Orthopedic repairs were generally accomplished by external means with only five cases treated by immediate internal fixation. Long-term results were categorized as excellent, fair, or poor. Amputations were classified as primary and secondary. Excellent results were found in only five of the reconstructed extremities. Thirty-five percent of the extremities were classified as having a fair result. Two extremities had a poor result. Four extremities were primarily amputated, and secondary amputation was performed on seven extremities. Associated nerve deficits and/or significant soft tissue injuries were found to be the major factors determining the eventual success or failure of reconstructive efforts.