Muzzarelli R A, Tanfani F, Emanuelli M, Pace D P, Chiurazzi E, Piani M
Carbohydr Res. 1984 Mar 15;126(2):225-31. doi: 10.1016/0008-6215(84)85380-x.
N-(Carboxymethyl)chitosan was subjected to sulfation in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid (oleum) and N,N-dimethylformamide, under anhydrous conditions. The resulting product contained 11% of sulfur and degree of substitution: N-acetyl, 42%; N-carboxymethyl, 58%; and sulfate, 100%. Sonication of the sulfated N-(carboxymethyl)chitosan gave two main fractions whose molecular weights were 39,000 and 80,000. In human blood, complexes of sulfated N-(carboxymethyl)chitosan and antithrombin inhibited both thrombin and factor Xa, and produced neither hemolysis nor alterations in erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Sulfated N-(carboxymethyl)chitosan is therefore proposed as a blood anticoagulant.
在无水条件下，将N-（羧甲基）壳聚糖置于浓硫酸（发烟硫酸）和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物中进行硫酸化反应。所得产物含硫量为11%，取代度分别为：N-乙酰基42%；N-羧甲基58%；硫酸根100%。对硫酸化的N-（羧甲基）壳聚糖进行超声处理后得到两个主要级分，其分子量分别为39,000和80,000。在人体血液中，硫酸化的N-（羧甲基）壳聚糖与抗凝血酶形成的复合物能同时抑制凝血酶和Xa因子，且不会引起溶血现象，也不会对红细胞和淋巴细胞造成影响。因此，硫酸化的N-（羧甲基）壳聚糖有望用作血液抗凝剂。
