Ogden J A
Skeletal Radiol. 1984;11(3):169-77. doi: 10.1007/BF00349490.
Ossification usually begins in the proximal tibia within the first three months following birth. The initial secondary ossification is centrally located and spherical. Expansion and maturation then changes the ossification center to a more elliptical shape. Variability in this expansion medially and laterally may create marginal irregularity in the first few years, followed by a smooth border by five to six years. Subsequently ossification extends into the tibial spines as a single conical mass which eventually divides into two separate extensions. The physis remains relatively transverse throughout development although contouring occurs under each tibial weight-bearing compartment. Peripheral lappet formation appears within a few months. Anteriorly there is an undulation at the site of the cartilaginous tibial tuberosity. The proximal fibular physis begins as a transverse contour, but changes to one with peripheral lappet formation and multiple undulations. Secondary ossification begins just above the physis and extends proximally into the rest of the physis. However, the fibular styloid, similar to the ulnar styloid, does not ossify until late in skeletal maturation. The proximal fibular physis usually is situated 5 to 10 mm distal to the tibial physis. The tibiofibular joint morphology has considerable morphologic variation, and the joint may communicate with the knee joint.
骨化通常在出生后的头三个月内开始于胫骨近端。最初的二次骨化位于中央，呈球形。随后的扩展和成熟过程会使骨化中心变为更椭圆形。在最初几年中，这种向内侧和外侧扩展的差异可能会导致边缘不规则，到五至六岁时边缘会变得光滑。随后，骨化作为单个锥形块延伸至胫骨棘，最终分为两个独立的延伸部分。在整个发育过程中，骨骺相对保持横向，尽管在每个胫骨负重区下方会出现轮廓变化。周边的瓣状结构在几个月内出现。在胫骨结节软骨部位的前方有一个起伏。近端腓骨骨骺开始时呈横向轮廓，但会变为具有周边瓣状结构和多个起伏的轮廓。二次骨化始于骨骺上方，并向近端延伸至骨骺的其余部分。然而，腓骨茎突与尺骨茎突类似，直到骨骼成熟后期才会骨化。近端腓骨骨骺通常位于胫骨骨骺远端5至10毫米处。胫腓关节形态有相当大的形态学变异，并且该关节可能与膝关节相通。
