Lyon E S, Huffman J L, Bagley D H
Urology. 1984 May;23(5 Spec No):29-36. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(84)90239-5.
Transurethral endoscopic access to the upper urinary tract using rigid optics is evolving into a significant addition to the specialty of urology. The basic endoscopic expertise urologists have perfected for use in the urethra, prostate, and bladder is readily transposed to the ureter and renal pelvis. Indications, precautions, instrumentation, and procedural techniques are detailed.
使用硬性光学器械经尿道内镜进入上尿路正逐渐成为泌尿外科专业的一项重要补充。泌尿外科医生在尿道、前列腺和膀胱使用方面已臻完善的基本内镜技术可轻松应用于输尿管和肾盂。文中详细介绍了适应证、注意事项、器械以及操作技术。