Spencer S A, Hull D
Br J Nutr. 1984 May;51(3):389-402. doi: 10.1079/bjn19840045.
Newborn rabbits were over-fed by encouraging them to suck from two lactating does. These double-fed animals were compared with single-fed litter-mate controls. Single- and double-fed rabbits were compared with respect to body-weight, bone length and weights of heart, kidney, lung, liver, spleen, stomach, brain and adipose lobes at ages 7, 14 and 21 d and at 25 weeks. Body composition with respect to fat, protein and water was also analysed in animals killed during the first month of life. Double feeding had a profound effect on body-weight, such that by 21 d of age these animals weighed 65% more than controls. Longitudinal growth was also increased, but to a lesser extent. Organ weights were largely determined by body-weight with the exception of the brain which was unaffected by double feeding and the heart and adipose lobes which were represented to excess. Body composition studies demonstrated a marked increase in body fat and a decrease in body water as a percentage of body-weight in the double-fed. When mature, double-fed rabbits weighed a little more than controls and had accumulated significantly more fat. No other difference between them was demonstrated. Other experiments on rats, mice and pigs, along with these experiments on rabbits, suggest that young mammals respond to over-feeding with a limited increase in real growth associated with excess deposition of adipose tissue. Studies on infants of diabetic mothers have demonstrated that the human fetus responds to over-nutrition in a very similar way. Therefore we should be cautious about over-feeding human infants, especially premature ones, as it seems unlikely that excessive deposition of fat will be beneficial.
通过鼓励新生兔从两只正在泌乳的母兔处吸吮，使其过度进食。将这些过度喂养的动物与同窝单喂的对照动物进行比较。在7日龄、14日龄、21日龄和25周龄时，比较单喂和过度喂养的兔子的体重、骨骼长度以及心脏、肾脏、肺、肝脏、脾脏、胃、脑和脂肪叶的重量。还对出生后第一个月内处死的动物的脂肪、蛋白质和水的身体组成进行了分析。过度喂养对体重有深远影响，到21日龄时，这些动物的体重比对照组重65%。纵向生长也有所增加，但程度较小。除了不受过度喂养影响的脑以及心脏和脂肪叶过度增生外，器官重量在很大程度上由体重决定。身体组成研究表明，过度喂养的兔子体内脂肪显著增加，而体重中身体水分的比例下降。成年后，过度喂养的兔子比对照组稍重，并且积累了明显更多的脂肪。未发现它们之间有其他差异。对大鼠、小鼠和猪进行的其他实验，以及对兔子进行的这些实验表明，幼年哺乳动物对过度喂养的反应是实际生长有限增加，同时伴有脂肪组织的过度沉积。对患有糖尿病母亲的婴儿的研究表明，人类胎儿对营养过剩的反应非常相似。因此，我们应该谨慎对待过度喂养人类婴儿，尤其是早产儿，因为脂肪过度沉积似乎不太可能有益。
