Johnston M, Johnston D W, Wilkes H, Burns L E, Thorpe G L
Br J Clin Psychol. 1984 May;23 ( Pt 2):133-43. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb00636.x.
The questionnaire responses of 559 agoraphobic subjects were analysed to see whether there was a shared hierarchical pattern of fear and avoidance. The items were divided on the basis of a principal component analysis into 13 loading on an Agoraphobia factor and eight on a Claustrophobia factor. When analysed with Guttman Scaling Analysis valid cumulative scales were found for each factor. These scales were replicated in three independent cohorts of subjects and met the most stringent scaling requirements. The scales produced three valid scores of severity for each individual, the first describing exactly which Agoraphobic items the subject avoids, the second describing Agoraphobic items feared and the third Claustrophobic items avoided. Since it is possible to deduce the current pattern of fear and avoidance from the scores, they can be used to summarize the clinical state of an individual client or for making precise descriptive comparisons between agoraphobics . The scales also indicate that agoraphobics do not develop their own unique set of difficulties from the possible pool of problems, but acquire an ordered set of difficulties, the order being shared by other agoraphobics .
对559名广场恐惧症患者的问卷回复进行了分析，以确定是否存在恐惧和回避的共同层级模式。根据主成分分析，这些项目被分为13项加载在广场恐惧症因子上，8项加载在幽闭恐惧症因子上。通过古特曼量表分析发现，每个因子都有有效的累积量表。这些量表在三个独立的受试者队列中得到了重复，并满足了最严格的量表要求。这些量表为每个个体产生了三个有效的严重程度分数，第一个分数准确描述了受试者回避的广场恐惧症项目，第二个分数描述了害怕的广场恐惧症项目，第三个分数描述了回避的幽闭恐惧症项目。由于可以从分数中推断出当前的恐惧和回避模式，因此它们可用于总结个体患者的临床状态，或用于在广场恐惧症患者之间进行精确的描述性比较。这些量表还表明，广场恐惧症患者并非从可能的问题库中发展出自己独特的一系列困难，而是获得了一组有序的困难，这种顺序为其他广场恐惧症患者所共有。
