Zernicke R F, Roberts E M
Med Sci Sports. 1978 Spring;10(1):21-6.
Component and resultant external forces and torques at ankle, knee, and hip joints of unrestrained lower extremity motion were computed as resultant limb velocities were systematically changed. Cinematographic and modeling techniques were used to analyze 45 trials of five skilled soccer players who performed slow, medium and fast velocity kicks. A model of the lower extremity was incorporated, with kinematic data and segment mass estimates, into computer programs to quantify the mechanical variables. Monotonic increases in magnitudes of all kinetic elements occurred as the velocity of kicking was increased. Significant differences were also observed in the maximum values of the net parallel and perpendicular external force actions, and resultant torques at the joints with changes in limb velocity.
随着下肢自由运动时肢体合成速度的系统性变化，计算了踝关节、膝关节和髋关节处的分力与合成外力及扭矩。运用电影摄影和建模技术，分析了5名熟练足球运动员进行慢速、中速和快速踢球的45次试验。将包含运动学数据和节段质量估计值的下肢模型纳入计算机程序，以量化力学变量。随着踢球速度的增加，所有动力学要素的大小呈单调增加。随着肢体速度的变化，在关节处的净平行和垂直外力作用的最大值以及合成扭矩方面也观察到了显著差异。
