Lovell R T, Miyazaki T, Rabegnator S
J Nutr. 1984 May;114(5):894-901. doi: 10.1093/jn/114.5.894.
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were grown from 5 to 45 g average size by feeding diets containing a low level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.48% linolenic acid) and supplemented with 0 (basal), 25, 75, 250 or 2500 mg/kg of alpha-tocopherol or 125 mg/kg of ethoxyquin. Growth rate was improved by supplementation of the basal diet with ethoxyquin (P less than 0.05) and further improved by supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (P less than 0.05); increasing alpha-tocopherol above the lowest level did not improve growth. Fish fed the basal diet were lighter in color, visibly thinner across the back, more easily excitable and had lower hematocrits. Histological signs in the alpha-tocopherol-deficient fish included extreme atrophy and necrosis of white muscle fibers, sclerotic glomeruli in the posterior kidney and ceroid-laden macrophages in intrahepatic blood vessels. Fish fed the lowest level of alpha-tocopherol showed no gross signs of vitamin deficiency but histological examination revealed necrosis of white muscle fibers and ceroids in liver blood vessels. No pathological changes were found in fish fed higher levels of alpha-tocopherol. These results indicate that high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are not necessary in alpha-tocopherol-deficient diets to produce myopathy in channel catfish, and that the present National Research Council requirement for this vitamin for channel catfish may be low.
通过投喂含有低水平多不饱和脂肪酸（0.48%亚麻酸）并补充0（基础组）、25、75、250或2500毫克/千克α-生育酚或125毫克/千克乙氧喹啉的饲料，将斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）从平均体重5克饲养至45克。在基础饲料中添加乙氧喹啉可提高生长速率（P<0.05），添加α-生育酚可进一步提高生长速率（P<0.05）；将α-生育酚水平提高到最低水平以上并不能改善生长。投喂基础饲料的鱼体色较浅，背部明显更瘦，更容易兴奋，且血细胞比容较低。α-生育酚缺乏的鱼的组织学特征包括白肌纤维极度萎缩和坏死、后肾中的硬化肾小球以及肝内血管中含蜡样质的巨噬细胞。投喂最低水平α-生育酚的鱼没有明显的维生素缺乏体征，但组织学检查显示白肌纤维坏死和肝血管中有蜡样质。投喂较高水平α-生育酚的鱼未发现病理变化。这些结果表明，在α-生育酚缺乏的饲料中，不需要大量多不饱和脂肪酸就能在斑点叉尾鮰中产生肌病，并且目前美国国家研究委员会对斑点叉尾鮰这种维生素的需求量可能较低。
