Swan K C, Wilkins J H
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1984 Mar-Apr;21(2):44-9. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19840301-03.
The dimensions and topographical anatomy of 26 eyes from 14 neonates and infants were measured and photographed with special attention to the insertional position of the extraocular muscles. Additional measurements were made in histologic preparations of 12 normal infant eyes. Although the diameters of the neonatal eyes were found to be about 70% of the adult eyes, the volumes of the globes were only about half, and the surface areas even less. The insertions of the rectus muscles were about 2 mm nearer to the cornea than in emmetropic adult eyes, but some were close to or at the equator. The posterior segments of the neonatal eyes were much less developed than the anterior, so that the oblique insertions, as compared to the adult eye, were closer to each other, to the horizontal meridian and to the posterior pole. In some neonatal specimens the inferior oblique insertion was so close to the optic nerve that tenotomy at that point would have jeopardized some of the posterior ciliary vessels and nerves. The dramatic postnatal growth of the eye occurs in the scleral segment; there is minimal corneal growth. About half of the total lifetime increase in the diameters, volume and total surface area of the human eye occurs in the first six months of life. In the six-month-old specimens the volume of the globe and the surface area of the sclera had almost doubled as compared to the neonatal eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对14例新生儿和婴儿的26只眼睛进行了尺寸和局部解剖测量，并拍照，特别关注眼外肌的附着位置。对12只正常婴儿眼睛的组织学标本进行了额外测量。尽管发现新生儿眼睛的直径约为成人眼睛的70%，但眼球体积仅约为成人的一半，表面积甚至更小。直肌的附着点比正视成人眼睛更靠近角膜约2毫米，但有些靠近或位于赤道处。新生儿眼睛的后段比前段发育程度低得多，因此与成人眼睛相比，斜肌附着点彼此更靠近，更靠近水平子午线和后极。在一些新生儿标本中，下斜肌附着点离视神经非常近，在该点进行腱切断术可能会危及一些睫状后血管和神经。出生后眼睛的显著生长发生在巩膜段；角膜生长极少。人眼直径、体积和总表面积一生中约一半的增长发生在生命的前六个月。与新生儿眼睛相比，六个月大标本的眼球体积和巩膜表面积几乎增加了一倍。（摘要截断于250字）
