Bessot J C, Pauli G, Lenz D, Roegel E
Rev Pneumol Clin. 1984;40(2):109-19.
Although on the increase overall, the actual prevalence of occupational asthma is difficult to assess because of variations seen according to periods, countries, jobs, and the agents responsible. In the authors' experience, this prevalence is slightly less than 10%. Three principal mechanisms, sometimes present together, not always elucidated: immunological, reflex and irritative, are responsible for such asthma. Whilst a positive diagnosis raises few problems, the aetiological diagnosis is difficult and involves two stages: recognition of the occupational characteristic of the asthma and attribution of this asthma to an allergen or substance in the occupational environment. Skin tests and in vitro tests, but above all exposure tests, make an important diagnostic contribution. Personal examples are used to illustrate the principal aetiological factors in occupational asthma of animal, vegetable or chemical origin.
尽管职业性哮喘的总体发病率在上升，但由于发病率因时期、国家、工作以及致病因素的不同而存在差异，所以其实际发病率很难评估。根据作者的经验，这种发病率略低于10%。职业性哮喘主要由三种有时共同出现、但并不总是能阐明的机制引起：免疫、反射和刺激。虽然确诊很少有问题，但病因诊断却很困难，涉及两个阶段：识别哮喘的职业特征，并将这种哮喘归因于职业环境中的过敏原或物质。皮肤试验和体外试验，尤其是接触试验，对诊断有重要贡献。本文通过个人实例来说明动物性、植物性或化学性职业性哮喘的主要病因。
