Jorquez J S
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1984;10(1):63-75. doi: 10.3109/00952998409002656.
The Chicano heroin addict or " tecato " belongs to a subculture that profoundly influences addict behavior and personality. Life-history interviews with a subsample of 18 Southern California ex- tecatos who were abstinent from 2.3 to 24.5 years revealed that tecatos employ the metaphor of an indestructable junkie worm or " tecato gusano " living in their vicera to explain heroin relapse, and abstinence in a manner essentially consistent with learning theories of opioid addiction. The study showed that ex- tecatos use a variety of coping mechanisms for maintaining abstinence and for avoiding "dangerous situations" which could trigger heroin craving and relapse. The research also revealed that being an ex- tecato does not necessarily imply living a crime free or nondeviant lifestyle, and that the process of working out of addiction involves two complementary social adjustment processes termed (a) extrication (from the tecato subculture) and (b) accommodation (to square society). Suggestions for utilizing these findings for treatment intervention purposes are offered.
墨西哥裔美国海洛因成瘾者或“tecato”属于一种对成瘾者行为和个性有深远影响的亚文化。对18名南加州曾经的“tecato”进行生活史访谈，这些人已戒毒2.3至24.5年，结果显示，“tecato”用一种生活在他们体内的坚不可摧的瘾君子蠕虫或“tecato gusano”的比喻来解释海洛因复吸问题，并且他们保持戒毒的方式在本质上与阿片类药物成瘾的学习理论相一致。研究表明，曾经的“tecato”会运用多种应对机制来维持戒毒状态，并避免可能引发海洛因渴望和复吸的“危险情况”。该研究还揭示，曾经是“tecato”并不一定意味着过着无犯罪或无偏差的生活方式，而且摆脱成瘾的过程涉及两个互补的社会适应过程，即（a）解脱（脱离“tecato”亚文化）和（b）适应（融入主流社会）。文中还给出了将这些研究结果用于治疗干预目的的建议。
