Gunter B, Furnham A
Br J Soc Psychol. 1984 Jun;23 ( Pt 2):155-64. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1984.tb00624.x.
This paper reports two studies which examined the mediating effects of programme genre and physical form of violence on viewers' perceptions of violent TV portrayals. In Expt 1, a panel of British viewers saw portrayals from five programme genres: British crime-drama series, US crime-drama series, westerns, science-fiction series and cartoons which feature either fights or shootings. In Expt. 2, the same viewers rated portrayals from British crime-drama and westerns which featured four types of violence, fist-fights, shootings, stabbings and explosions. All scenes were rated along eight unipolar scales. Panel members also completed four subscales of a personal hostility inventory. Results showed that both fictional setting and physical form had significant effects on viewers' perceptions of televised violence. British crime-drama portrayals, and portrayals that featured shootings and stabbings, were rated as most violent and disturbing. Also, there were strong differences between viewers with different self-reported propensities towards either verbal or physical aggression. More physically aggressive individuals tended to perceive physical unarmed violence as less violent than did more verbally aggressive types.
本文报告了两项研究，这两项研究考察了节目类型和暴力的表现形式对观众对电视暴力描绘的认知的中介作用。在实验1中，一组英国观众观看了来自五种节目类型的描绘：英国犯罪剧系列、美国犯罪剧系列、西部片、科幻剧系列以及有打斗或枪击情节的卡通片。在实验2中，同样的观众对来自英国犯罪剧和西部片中呈现的四种暴力类型进行了评分，即拳击、枪击、刺伤和爆炸。所有场景均按照八个单极量表进行评分。小组成员还完成了一份个人敌意量表的四个子量表。结果表明，虚构背景和表现形式都对观众对电视暴力的认知有显著影响。英国犯罪剧的描绘以及有枪击和刺伤情节的描绘被评为最暴力和最令人不安的。此外，在自我报告的言语或身体攻击倾向不同的观众之间存在很大差异。身体攻击性较强的个体往往比言语攻击性较强的个体更倾向于认为 unarmed violence 的暴力程度较低。 （注：“unarmed violence”直译为“无武装暴力”，放在这里结合语境可能不太准确，或许是“徒手暴力”之类的意思，但由于要严格按原文翻译，所以保留原样）
