Kooijman S A, Metz J A
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1984 Jun;8(3):254-74. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(84)90029-0.
A general, simple, and explicit model for the age-dependent growth and reproduction of individuals as a function of food supply is presented. The model assumes a Holling-type functional response coupled with a von Bertalanffy body growth law, a fixed ratio between the energy utilized for reproduction and respiration, and a juvenile stage that ends as soon as the animal attains a sufficient weight. This model is shown to fit the available data on the development of Daphnia magna quite well. The model is used as a basis for studying the effects of chemicals on population growth rate, given the effects on individuals. Effects on individual growth and reproduction are reflected in a concentration-dependent relative reduction of the population growth rate. Effects on feeding rate, digestion, basal metabolism, and survival work out much more dramatically at low natural population growth rates. This already follows from a much simpler model that assumes age-independent reproduction, as exemplified to a good approximation by the rotifer Brachionus rubens. The theoretical results are supplemented with experimental evidence, implying that the stress on a population at a certain concentration of a chemical may indeed be strongly dependent on the feeding state of that population.
提出了一个通用、简单且明确的模型，该模型描述了作为食物供应函数的个体年龄依赖性生长和繁殖情况。该模型假设了一种Holling型功能反应，并结合了冯·贝塔朗菲身体生长定律、用于繁殖和呼吸的能量之间的固定比例，以及动物一旦达到足够体重就结束的幼体阶段。结果表明，该模型与大型溞发育的现有数据拟合得相当好。在已知化学物质对个体影响的情况下，该模型被用作研究其对种群增长率影响的基础。对个体生长和繁殖的影响反映在种群增长率的浓度依赖性相对降低上。在自然种群增长率较低时，对摄食率、消化、基础代谢和生存的影响更为显著。这已经可以从一个假设繁殖与年龄无关的简单得多的模型中得出，例如红臂尾轮虫就很好地近似说明了这一点。理论结果得到了实验证据的补充，这意味着在一定化学物质浓度下种群所受的压力可能确实强烈依赖于该种群的摄食状态。
