O'Connor J J, Hoorwitz A N
Fam Process. 1984 Jun;23(2):237-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1984.00237.x.
Unpredictable and threatening events can sometimes alter one's view of reality. The altered perception may in turn result in altered forms of behavior and interaction with others. Deliberate efforts to facilitate this altered perception is sometimes attempted by invoking mythical forces such as the Bogeyman, Death, Satan, a shaman, or a sorcerer. Anthropological observations of shamanic magic suggest a number of components that appear to be responsible for these reality-altering experiences. These can be employed to create such experiences in the treatment of difficult adolescents for whom usual solutions have been ineffective. The experience results in systemic changes that render the adolescent accessible to more usual forms of treatment and more functional interactions with adults. The crafting of this kind of experience is illustrated in a case example. Parallels with other clinical practices as well as ethical considerations are discussed.
不可预测且具有威胁性的事件有时会改变一个人对现实的看法。这种改变了的认知反过来可能会导致行为形式以及与他人互动方式的改变。有时人们会通过援引诸如妖怪、死神、撒旦、萨满巫师或魔法师等神秘力量，刻意努力促成这种改变了的认知。对萨满巫术的人类学观察表明，有一些因素似乎对这些改变现实的体验负有责任。这些因素可用于为难治性青少年创造此类体验，因为常规解决方案对他们不起作用。这种体验会导致系统性变化，使青少年能够接受更常规的治疗形式，并与成年人进行更有效的互动。一个案例说明了这种体验的构建过程。文中还讨论了与其他临床实践的相似之处以及伦理考量。
