Brown P
Int J Health Serv. 1984;14(2):237-64. doi: 10.2190/H82D-NBGF-3EYH-3AFY.
The political activism of the 1960s brought with it activism in the mental health field, broadly defined as antipsychiatry. Included in this social phenomenon are R.D. Laing and his colleagues, mental patients' rights activists, movements against psycho-technological abuses such as psychosurgery, Marxist and radical critiques of mainstream psychiatric practices, and feminist therapy. Some aspects of this broad movement have been influenced or even directed by Marxist perspectives. When Marxist influences have not predominated, antipsychiatric points of view still have much affinity with Marxism. This broad-based criticism of mental health practices and ideologies not only influences the mental health field, but also affects general Marxist social theory, adding to traditional Marxism a concern with feminist issues and the politics of personal and family life. This article explores the progress made by these antipsychiatric perspectives, and examines their limitations as well. Four schools of thought in Marxist psychology--Freudo-Marxism, orthodox-economist Marxism, see Marxist medical model, and "ideology-critique"--are explored to see how they can contribute to the further production of Marxist psychological theory and practice.
20世纪60年代的政治激进主义带来了心理健康领域的激进主义，广义上被定义为反精神病学。这一社会现象包括R.D. 莱恩及其同事、精神病人权利活动家、反对诸如精神外科手术等心理技术滥用的运动、对主流精神病学实践的马克思主义和激进批判，以及女权主义疗法。这一广泛运动的某些方面受到了马克思主义观点的影响，甚至是由其主导的。当马克思主义影响不占主导地位时，反精神病学观点与马克思主义仍有许多相似之处。这种对心理健康实践和意识形态的广泛批评不仅影响了心理健康领域，也影响了一般的马克思主义社会理论，在传统马克思主义中增加了对女权主义问题以及个人和家庭生活政治的关注。本文探讨了这些反精神病学观点所取得的进展，并审视了它们的局限性。还探讨了马克思主义心理学中的四个思想流派——弗洛伊德马克思主义、正统经济学家马克思主义、马克思主义医学模式，以及 “意识形态批判”——以了解它们如何能够为马克思主义心理学理论与实践的进一步发展做出贡献。
