Freeman E W, Rickels K, Huggins G R, Garcia C R
J Adolesc Health Care. 1984 Jul;5(3):183-90. doi: 10.1016/s0197-0070(84)80040-6.
This paper compares three groups of urban black teenagers at their enrollment in a contraceptive program and at a one-year follow-up. The groups comprise 263 never-pregnant, postabortion, and postpartum teens ages less than or equal to 17 years at their initial family planning visit. Self-report questionnaires examined attitudes and information about pregnancy and contraceptive use, sources of contraceptive information, sexual and contraceptive experience, family and partner support for contraceptive use, and demographic background factors. Emotional, personality, and psychosocial factors were assessed with standard measures. Age, partner relationships, and items relating to the mother's communication about contraception and pregnancy were significant variables in the outcome of never-pregnant and delivery of pregnancy. Self-esteem was highest in the never-pregnant group. Personality factors, emotional distress, and social adjustment scores were in the normal ranges and did not differ between the groups. Contraceptive use at follow-up was most consistent in the never-pregnant group. These data suggest the need for earlier family involvement in educating and guiding teens together with access to contraceptive services in preventing unwanted adolescent pregnancies.
本文比较了三组城市黑人青少年在参加避孕计划时以及一年随访时的情况。这些组包括263名年龄小于或等于17岁的从未怀孕、流产后和产后青少年，他们首次进行计划生育就诊。通过自我报告问卷来调查关于怀孕和避孕使用的态度及信息、避孕信息来源、性和避孕经历、家庭和伴侣对避孕使用的支持以及人口背景因素。采用标准测量方法评估情绪、个性和心理社会因素。年龄、伴侣关系以及与母亲关于避孕和怀孕的沟通相关的项目是从未怀孕和怀孕分娩结果中的重要变量。从未怀孕组的自尊水平最高。个性因素、情绪困扰和社会适应得分在正常范围内，且各组之间没有差异。随访时避孕使用情况在从未怀孕组中最为一致。这些数据表明，有必要让家庭更早地参与到对青少年的教育和指导中，并提供避孕服务，以预防意外的青少年怀孕。
