Hamir A N, Sullivan N D, Handson P D
J Comp Pathol. 1984 Apr;94(2):215-31. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(84)90042-2.
Light microscopical examinations were carried out on the central and peripheral nervous systems of 9 dogs maintained on a high-fat-low-calcium diet and dosed orally with a mixture of lead chloride, lead bromide and lead sulphate. Microscopic lesions were present in 7 (78 per cent) of the lead-treated dogs. Cerebrocortical lesions comprising spongiosis, vascular hypertrophy and gliosis predominated. These lesions were bilateral, had a predilection for gyri and were located mainly in the parietal and frontal cortex. There were bilaterally symmetrical spongiform changes in the brain stem. The cerebellum had spongiform changes in the roof nuclei and in the lingula there was spongiosis of the Purkinje cell layer and vacuolation of Purkinje cells. Axonal degeneration was evident in a sciatic nerve of one dog. In a second experiment, designed to study the early ultrastructural changes in the brains of dogs with lead intoxication, 2 groups of dogs, one on a commercial balanced diet and the other fed a high-fat-low-calcium diet, were given similar amounts of lead. Cytoplasmic accumulation of lipid was found in the cerebrovascular pericytes of all dogs treated with lead but vascular changes were otherwise not obvious. Quantitative evaluation of numbers of blood vessels by light microscopy revealed an apparent increase in all dogs receiving lead. This increase in vascularity was greatest in the dogs fed the high-fat-low-calcium diet.
对9只食用高脂低钙饮食并经口给予氯化铅、溴化铅和硫酸铅混合物的犬的中枢和外周神经系统进行了光学显微镜检查。在接受铅处理的犬中，7只（78%）出现了微观病变。以海绵状变性、血管肥大和胶质细胞增生为主的大脑皮质病变最为常见。这些病变为双侧性，好发于脑回，主要位于顶叶和额叶皮质。脑干出现双侧对称的海绵状改变。小脑的顶核有海绵状改变，在小脑舌叶，浦肯野细胞层出现海绵状变性，浦肯野细胞出现空泡化。在一只犬的坐骨神经中可见轴突变性。在第二个实验中，为了研究铅中毒犬脑的早期超微结构变化，将两组犬，一组给予商业均衡饮食，另一组给予高脂低钙饮食，给予等量的铅。在用铅处理的所有犬的脑血管周细胞中均发现脂质的细胞质蓄积，但血管变化在其他方面并不明显。通过光学显微镜对血管数量进行定量评估发现，所有接受铅处理的犬的血管数量均明显增加。在食用高脂低钙饮食的犬中，这种血管增多最为明显。
