Grenadier E, Oliveira Lima C, Allen H D, Sahn D J, Vargas Barron J, Valdes-Cruz L M, Goldberg S J
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984 Aug;4(2):343-50. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80224-7.
Normal two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiographic velocity profiles for sites within the heart and great vessels in a group of 102 normal infants and children are presented. Qualitatively, waveforms mimic expected hemodynamic events at the various sites. All waveforms had a rapid initial deflection followed by spectral broadening after attainment of peak velocity. Quantitative angle-corrected peak velocities were generally lower on the right side than on the left side of the heart. Differences in tricuspid (mean 61.8 cm/s) versus mitral (mean 81.1 cm/s) outflow and pulmonary (mean 76.1 cm/s) versus aortic (mean 88.5 cm/s) outflow were significant (p less than 0.01). The only significant age-related differences were in the pulmonary artery (mean for newborns 67.7 cm/s versus 79.6 cm/s for older children, p less than 0.01). Aortic data obtained from interrogation sites in which flow was close to 0 or 180 degrees were similar, whereas aortic peak velocity data obtained from apical long-axis or subcostal views were greater. These differences were probably induced from inaccuracies in azimuthal (elevational) angles that cannot be measured. These normal Doppler data should be useful for comparisons with data obtained for children with various forms of congenital heart disease that affect flow dynamics.
本文展示了一组102名正常婴儿和儿童心脏及大血管内各部位的正常二维脉冲多普勒超声心动图速度剖面。定性地说，波形模拟了各部位预期的血流动力学事件。所有波形在达到峰值速度后，都有一个快速的初始偏转，随后频谱增宽。经角度校正后的定量峰值速度通常在心脏右侧低于左侧。三尖瓣（平均61.8 cm/s）与二尖瓣（平均81.1 cm/s）流出道以及肺动脉（平均76.1 cm/s）与主动脉（平均88.5 cm/s）流出道之间的差异具有统计学意义（p<0.01）。唯一与年龄相关的显著差异存在于肺动脉（新生儿平均为67.7 cm/s，大龄儿童为79.6 cm/s，p<0.01）。从血流接近0度或180度的探测部位获得的主动脉数据相似，而从心尖长轴或肋下视图获得的主动脉峰值速度数据则更高。这些差异可能是由无法测量的方位角（仰角）不准确所致。这些正常的多普勒数据应有助于与患有影响血流动力学的各种先天性心脏病儿童的数据进行比较。
