Hause W R
Mod Vet Pract. 1984 Jun;65(6):461-5.
Pleural effusions can cause dyspnea and cyanosis, and are caused by cardiomyopathy, pyothorax, FIP, FeLV-related disease and trauma. Thoracentesis is used to obtain fluid samples for cytologic examination and culture. Radiographs made after thoracentesis may reveal the cause. Lymphosarcoma causes a sterile exudate containing neoplastic cells. Congestive cardiomyopathy causes a transudate or modified transudate. The sterile exudate of FIP has a proteinaceous background on cytologic examination. The exudate of pyothorax is septic. Treatment depends on the cause but generally includes thoracentesis and supportive care. Cardiomyopathy causes dyspnea, cyanosis, murmurs, gallop rhythms and other arrhythmias. Radiography reveals a globoid heart in the congestive form and a "valentine-shaped" heart in the hypertrophic form. Treatment of congestive cardiomyopathy involves use of furosemide, but is usually unrewarding. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is treated with propranolol. Fever may be caused by infection, immune-mediated disease, neoplasia and unknown causes. Treatment is aimed at removal of the underlying cause.
胸腔积液可导致呼吸困难和发绀，其病因包括心肌病、脓胸、猫传染性腹膜炎（FIP）、猫白血病病毒（FeLV）相关疾病及外伤。胸腔穿刺术用于获取液体样本进行细胞学检查和培养。胸腔穿刺术后的X光片可能揭示病因。淋巴肉瘤会导致含有肿瘤细胞的无菌渗出液。充血性心肌病会导致漏出液或改良漏出液。FIP的无菌渗出液在细胞学检查时有蛋白质背景。脓胸的渗出液是脓性的。治疗取决于病因，但一般包括胸腔穿刺术和支持性护理。心肌病会导致呼吸困难、发绀、杂音、奔马律及其他心律失常。X光检查显示充血型心肌病为球形心，肥厚型心肌病为“情人节心形”。充血性心肌病的治疗使用速尿，但通常效果不佳。肥厚性心肌病用普萘洛尔治疗。发热可能由感染、免疫介导性疾病、肿瘤及不明原因引起。治疗旨在消除潜在病因。
