Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between phenprocoumon and atenolol or metoprolol.

Pharmacological interactions in both directions between phenprocoumon and atenolol and metoprolol were investigated using a crossover trial. Co-administration of phenprocoumon did not significantly affect Cmax, tmax, t1/2,22, AUC for atenolol or metoprolol. Co-administration of metoprolol, but not atenolol, increased mean plasma phenprocoumon concentrations 4 and 6 h after dosing and was caused by a decrease in the apparent volume of distribution. This increase in plasma phenprocoumon was not associated with an increase in prothrombin time or in the total area under the concentration-time curve. Although the transient increase of phenprocoumon plasma levels caused by metoprolol may be of little clinical significance after a single dose of phenprocoumon, a more important alteration in phenprocoumon disposition and effect should be considered in individual patients on long-term therapy.