Hobart D J, Vorro J
Phys Ther. 1978 Aug;58(8):956-65. doi: 10.1093/ptj/58.8.956.
The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine kinematic and muscular differences between male and female subjects during acquisition of a novel throwing skill. The task consisted of an underhand ball toss for accuracy and involved 10 male and 10 female subjects who each practiced the task for 104 trials during one sitting. A high speed 16 mm camera was used to gather the cinematographic data, and surface electrodes monitored the electrical output of the anterior and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between male and female subjects in 1) integrated electrical activity of the posterior portion of the deltoid muscle, 2) premovement activity of both the anterior and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle, 3) peak velocity of the movement, and 4) velocity of the limb at ball release. Differences may exist between men and women in kinematic and muscular modifications occurring during the acquisition of a novel throwing skill.
这项初步研究的目的是检验男性和女性受试者在习得一种新的投掷技能过程中的运动学和肌肉差异。该任务包括一次下手投球以测试准确性，共有10名男性和10名女性受试者参与，每人在一次训练中进行104次该任务的练习。使用一台高速16毫米摄像机收集电影摄影数据，表面电极监测三角肌前后部分的电输出。统计分析显示，男性和女性受试者在以下方面存在显著差异：1）三角肌后部的综合电活动；2）三角肌前后部的运动前活动；3）运动的峰值速度；4）球释放时肢体的速度。在习得新的投掷技能过程中，男性和女性在运动学和肌肉变化方面可能存在差异。
