Buddeberg C, Kesselring V
Psychiatr Prax. 1978 May;5(2):118-26.
20 couples, each of which with one spouse suffering from schizophrenia, are investigated with clinical and psychological (individual and consensus Rorschach, Freiburg personality inventory) methods. Married schizophrenics seem to be less schizoid than passive dependent, infantile or stormy in their premorbid personality. Regarding our results their spouses don't differ in their mental health from the average population. Behaviour disorders of the non-schizophrenic spouses rather have to be seen as reactions caused secondarily by the patient's schizophrenic symptoms than as characteristics of their primary personality, because they only arise in the exploration of both spouses together. The schizophrenics appear less disturbed in the interaction with their spouses than in the situation of the single exploration. The "interacting personality" of the non-schizophrenic spouses, however, seems to be more disturbed than their "individual personality". Special factors, which are connected with premorbid personality of the later schizophrenic, are important in the mate selection. Very often first manifestation and the course of schizophrenic syndrome on the one hand and the marital dynamics on the other hand are closely related. Describing the attitude of the spouses to each other the non-schizophrenic shows three characteristic patterns, which are seen in the interaction of the couple: acceptation, emotional distance and ambivalence. Further the question of indication and prospect of marital therapy is discussed.
对20对夫妻进行了调查，每对夫妻中有一方患有精神分裂症，采用了临床和心理学方法（个人及一致性罗夏墨迹测验、弗莱堡人格量表）。已婚精神分裂症患者病前人格似乎比被动依赖型、幼稚型或情绪多变型的患者较少具有精神分裂症特征。根据我们的研究结果，他们的配偶在心理健康方面与普通人群没有差异。非精神分裂症配偶的行为障碍与其说是其主要人格的特征，不如说是由患者的精神分裂症症状继发引起的反应，因为这些行为障碍仅在对夫妻双方进行共同检查时才出现。与单独检查相比，精神分裂症患者与其配偶互动时似乎较少受到干扰。然而，非精神分裂症配偶的“互动人格”似乎比其“个体人格”受到的干扰更大。与后来患精神分裂症者的病前人格相关的特殊因素在配偶选择中很重要。一方面，精神分裂症综合征的首发表现和病程与另一方面的婚姻动态往往密切相关。在描述配偶之间的态度时，非精神分裂症患者表现出三种特征模式，这些模式在夫妻互动中可见：接纳、情感距离和矛盾心理。此外，还讨论了婚姻治疗的指征和前景问题。
