Gillberg C, Waldenström E, Rasmussen P
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1984 Jul;25(3):421-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00161.x.
Forty-five left-handed and 46 right-handed 10-year-old children were subjected to a limited set of neurological tests and a square tracing task. 'Pathological' handedness was diagnosed in cases showing poor performance with the non-preferred hand on the squares task. The frequency of left-handedness in the population was estimated at 9.2%. The boy : girl ratio was 1.6:1. 'Pathological' handedness was twice as common among left-handers as among right-handers. Neurological dysfunction was more common in 'pathological' handers, especially left-handers. Reduced pre-. peri- and neonatal optimality was seen in boys with 'pathological handedness'. School achievement problems and behaviour problems were much more common in left-handed boys than in other study groups. The results lend partial support for the extended pathological left-handedness model recently hypothesized by Bishop, but it is suggested that left-handedness in boys is more often a symptom of pathological shift of handedness than is left-handedness in girls.
45名左利手和46名右利手的10岁儿童接受了一系列有限的神经学测试和一项画方形任务。在画方形任务中，若非优势手表现不佳，则被诊断为“病理性”利手。据估计，该人群中左利手的比例为9.2%。男孩与女孩的比例为1.6:1。“病理性”利手在左利手中的发生率是右利手的两倍。神经功能障碍在“病理性”利手者中更为常见，尤其是左利手者。“病理性”利手的男孩在出生前、围产期和新生儿期的最佳状态有所降低。左利手男孩的学业成绩问题和行为问题比其他研究组更为常见。这些结果部分支持了 Bishop 最近提出的扩展病理性左利手模型，但研究表明，男孩的左利手比女孩的左利手更常是利手病理性转变的症状。
