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原钙黏蛋白 11X/Y（PCDH11X/Y）基因对现代人类大脑不对称性的决定作用。

The protocadherin 11X/Y (PCDH11X/Y) gene pair as determinant of cerebral asymmetry in modern Homo sapiens.

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Jun;1288(1):36-47. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12042. Epub 2013 Apr 18.

DOI:10.1111/nyas.12042
PMID:23600975
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3752934/
Abstract

Annett's right-shift theory proposes that human cerebral dominance (the functional and anatomical asymmetry or torque along the antero-posterior axis) and handedness are determined by a single "right-shift" gene. Familial transmission of handedness and specific deviations of cerebral dominance in sex chromosome aneuploidies implicate a locus within an X-Y homologous region of the sex chromosomes. The Xq21.3/Yp11.2 human-specific region of homology includes the protocadherin 11X/Y (PCDH11X/Y) gene pair, which encode cell adhesion molecules subject to accelerated evolution following the separation of the human and chimpanzee lineages six million years ago. PCDH11X and PCDH11Y, differentially regulated by retinoic acid, are highly expressed in the ventricular zone, subplate, and cortical plate of the developing cerebral cortex. Both proteins interact with β-catenin, a protein that plays a role in determining axis formation and regulating cortical size. In this way, the PCDH11X/Y gene pair determines cerebral asymmetry by initiating the right shift in Homo sapiens.

摘要

安尼特的右移理论提出，人类大脑优势（前-后轴上的功能和解剖学不对称或扭转）和利手性由单个“右移”基因决定。利手性的家族传递和性染色体非整倍体中大脑优势的特定偏差暗示性染色体的 X-Y 同源区域内存在一个基因座。Xq21.3/Yp11.2 人特异性同源区域包括原钙粘蛋白 11X/Y（PCDH11X/Y）基因对，其编码细胞粘附分子，在六百万年前人类和黑猩猩谱系分离后经历了加速进化。PCDH11X 和 PCDH11Y 受视黄酸的差异调控，在发育中的大脑皮层的脑室区、基板和皮质板中高度表达。这两种蛋白质都与β-连环蛋白相互作用，β-连环蛋白在确定轴形成和调节皮质大小方面起作用。通过这种方式，PCDH11X/Y 基因对通过启动智人右移来决定大脑的不对称性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/a7df3a4800bb/nyas1288-0036-f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/830669e4f463/nyas1288-0036-f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/17ab73845a99/nyas1288-0036-f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/abdfb0eb1f74/nyas1288-0036-f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/a7df3a4800bb/nyas1288-0036-f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/830669e4f463/nyas1288-0036-f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/17ab73845a99/nyas1288-0036-f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/abdfb0eb1f74/nyas1288-0036-f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0b00/3752934/a7df3a4800bb/nyas1288-0036-f4.jpg

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