Feder M E, Seale D B, Boraas M E, Wassersug R J, Gibbs A G
J Exp Biol. 1984 May;110:91-8. doi: 10.1242/jeb.110.1.91.
Air-breathing tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Anura) use buccopharyngeal surfaces for both gas exchange and capture of food particles in the water. In dense food suspensions, tadpoles decrease ventilation of the buccopharynx and increase air breathing. The lung ventilatory frequency is elevated even though the rate of oxygen consumption is at or below resting levels, suggesting that the lung hyperventilation reflects compensation for decreased buccopharyngeal respiration rather than an increased metabolic requirement. If tadpoles in hypoxic water are prevented from breathing air, they increase buccopharyngeal respiration at the expense of feeding. Aerial respiration evidently permits the buccopharyngeal surfaces to be used primarily for food entrapment.
非洲爪蟾（两栖纲：无尾目）的空气呼吸型蝌蚪利用口咽表面进行气体交换以及捕获水中的食物颗粒。在食物密集的悬浮液中，蝌蚪会减少口咽的通气并增加空气呼吸。即使氧气消耗速率处于或低于静息水平，肺通气频率仍会升高，这表明肺过度通气反映的是对口咽呼吸减少的补偿，而非代谢需求增加。如果处于低氧水中的蝌蚪被阻止呼吸空气，它们会以进食为代价增加口咽呼吸。显然，空气呼吸使口咽表面主要用于捕获食物。
