Tarter R E, Alterman A I, Edwards K L
J Stud Alcohol. 1984 May;45(3):214-8. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1984.45.214.
A theory of the origins and mechanisms of denial, which is frequently characteristic of alcoholics, is proposed on the basis of a biopsychological rather than a psychodynamic model of emotion. The biopsychological approach views denial as a consequence of a developmental defect in the apperception of interoceptive stimuli and in the appraisal of the significance of environmental events. Three hypotheses must be substantiated in order to support this theory: (1) alcoholics were physiologically unstable in arousal regulation; (2) alcoholics cannot cognitively discriminate interoceptive cues and physiological states; and (3) alcoholics cognitively underestimate emotion-laden events in their lives. Research which demonstrates the validity of these hypotheses is reviewed and implications for future research and treatment strategies are discussed.
基于情感的生物心理模型而非心理动力学模型，提出了一种关于否认（这是酗酒者的常见特征）的起源和机制的理论。生物心理方法将否认视为在对内部感受性刺激的统觉以及对环境事件重要性的评估中发育缺陷的结果。为了支持这一理论，必须证实三个假设：（1）酗酒者在唤醒调节方面生理不稳定；（2）酗酒者无法在认知上区分内部感受性线索和生理状态；（3）酗酒者在认知上低估了他们生活中充满情感的事件。回顾了证明这些假设有效性的研究，并讨论了对未来研究和治疗策略的影响。
