Seelye A
J Adv Nurs. 1982 May;7(3):195-201. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1982.tb00231.x.
This literature review discusses the evidence that modern wards divided into small bedrooms or bays, require higher nurse staffing levels. Aspects of ward design and operation such as patient privacy, nursing efficiency, patient dependency and ward organization are outlined and methods for establishing staffing levels which take ward design into account are described. The majority of ward evaluation studies concerned with nurse staffing concentrate on two areas, the use of the nurses' time (particularly in travel) and user opinion of wards. The conclusions drawn suggest that the two main measures of ward layout which relate to effective and efficient nursing care are short travel distances and features which facilitate the maximum contact between nurses and patients. Further, how these two principles are incorporated effectively into a ward will depend upon a number of other factors which effect nursing work viz, the number and characteristics of the patients and ward staff and the policies and practices of the nurses themselves.
划分为小卧室或分隔间的现代病房需要更高的护士配备水平。概述了病房设计与运营的各个方面，如患者隐私、护理效率、患者护理需求及病房组织，并描述了在考虑病房设计的情况下确定人员配备水平的方法。大多数与护士配备相关的病房评估研究集中在两个领域，即护士时间的利用（尤其是走动时间）以及病房使用者的意见。所得出的结论表明，与高效护理相关的病房布局的两个主要衡量标准是短走动距离以及便于护士与患者进行最大程度接触的特征。此外，这两条原则如何有效地融入病房将取决于影响护理工作的许多其他因素，即患者和病房工作人员的数量及特征，以及护士自身的政策与做法。
