Bull World Health Organ. 1982;60(4):555-64.
A total of 28 000 persons with fibrotic pulmonary lesions compatible with tuberculosis were followed for five years after receiving 12, 24, or 52 weeks of preventive treatment with isoniazid or placebo.Compared with placebo, 12 weeks of isoniazid eliminated less than one-third, and 24 weeks eliminated two-thirds of the tuberculosis risk. Where preventive treatment is not currently practised, adopting a 24-week regimen could decrease the incidence of tuberculosis in such populations by 65%.Hepatitis, the only serious side-effect encountered, occurred infrequently but was more common among isoniazid recipients (0.5%) than among placebo recipients (0.1%).Fifty-two weeks of isoniazid prevented the most tuberculosis, but 24 weeks prevented more tuberculosis cases per case of hepatitis caused. Where preventive treatment is currently practised for 52 weeks, adopting a 24-week regimen would decrease hepatitis by one-third and increase tuberculosis by 40%.
总共28000名患有与结核病相符的纤维化肺部病变的人，在接受12周、24周或52周的异烟肼或安慰剂预防性治疗后，被随访了五年。与安慰剂相比，12周的异烟肼消除了不到三分之一的结核病风险，24周消除了三分之二的结核病风险。在目前未实施预防性治疗的地方，采用24周疗程可使这类人群的结核病发病率降低65%。肝炎是唯一遇到的严重副作用，发生率较低，但在接受异烟肼治疗的人群中（0.5%）比接受安慰剂治疗的人群中（0.1%）更常见。52周的异烟肼预防的结核病最多，但每例肝炎导致的结核病病例数方面，24周预防的更多。在目前实施52周预防性治疗的地方，采用24周疗程将使肝炎减少三分之一，结核病增加40%。
