Oosterlinck W, Minnaert H
Curr Med Res Opin. 1982;8(4):290-3. doi: 10.1185/03007998209109780.
In an open investigation, ciramadol, a partial agonist opioid, was found to be a potent analgesic when given intravenously in patients experiencing renal colic. Single intravenous doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg of ciramadol were given to 11, 11 and 12 patients with renal colic, respectively, and good pain relief was obtained in 10, 11 and 10 patients, respectively. Vomiting and nausea occurred in 9 patients, 4 in the 20 mg group, 2 in the 30 mg group and 3 in the 40 mg group. This adverse effect was related to standing and walking following the ciramadol injection.
在一项开放性研究中，发现环拉朵（一种部分阿片受体激动剂）在静脉注射给药于肾绞痛患者时是一种强效镇痛药。分别向11例、11例和12例肾绞痛患者静脉注射单剂量20毫克、30毫克和40毫克的环拉朵，分别有10例、11例和10例患者疼痛得到良好缓解。9例患者出现呕吐和恶心，20毫克组4例，30毫克组2例，40毫克组3例。这种不良反应与注射环拉朵后站立和行走有关。
