Pettersson R F
Ann Clin Res. 1982 Dec;14(5-6):245-52.
Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)--the revolution in molecular biology--has enabled us to isolate any genes from any source in a pure form, and to move them from one cell to another. It has become possible to program bacterial or yeast cells with foreign genes and force the new host to produce commercially valuable proteins (e.g. hormones, enzymes, diagnostic reagents). It is now also possible to produce viral and bacterial antigens in various types of cells. We hope that this will soon enable us to manufacture vaccines cheaply. The production of a foot-and-mouth-disease virus vaccine--the first promising example of a genetically engineered effective vaccine--has recently been reported. Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen, influenza virus haemagglutinin and polio-virus proteins from the cloned genes have also been reported, and many more viral genes have been cloned although not yet expressed in bacteria. Despite the extremely rapid development, there are a number of problems, both technical and immunological, which have to be extensively studied and eventually solved, before we can hope to obtain effective and safe genetically engineered viral vaccines for clinical use.
基因工程（重组DNA技术）——分子生物学领域的革命——使我们能够以纯净形式从任何来源分离出任何基因，并将它们从一个细胞转移到另一个细胞。用外源基因对细菌或酵母细胞进行编程，并促使新宿主产生具有商业价值的蛋白质（如激素、酶、诊断试剂）已成为可能。现在也能够在各种类型的细胞中生产病毒和细菌抗原。我们希望这很快能使我们廉价地生产疫苗。最近报道了口蹄疫病毒疫苗的生产——基因工程有效疫苗的首个有前景的例子。也有关于从克隆基因表达乙肝表面抗原、流感病毒血凝素和脊髓灰质炎病毒蛋白的报道，并且克隆了更多的病毒基因，尽管尚未在细菌中表达。尽管发展极其迅速，但在我们有望获得用于临床的有效且安全的基因工程病毒疫苗之前，仍有许多技术和免疫学问题需要广泛研究并最终解决。
