Kurtz A B, Wapner R J, Rubin C S, Cole-Beuglet C, Ross R D, Goldberg B B
J Clin Ultrasound. 1980 Feb;8(1):11-6. doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870080104.
Microcephaly (small head) is clinically important only if there is concomitant micrencephaly (small brain). Extensive studies on patients in mental institutions have shown that there is close correlation among microcephaly, micrencephaly, and mental retardation when the head is more than three standard deviations below the norm. If the small head is less than two standard deviations below the norm, no strong correlation exists with eigher small brain or mental retardation. High-resolution ultrasound permits imaging of the fetal head in utero, allowing accurate evaluation of head size and detection of intracranial anomalies. The microcephalics detected in utero over a 2-year period form the basis of this series, showing close correlation with the known clinical data on children with microcephaly. An approach to ultrasound detection and evaluation of fetal microcephaly is proposed.
小头畸形（头部小）只有在伴有脑过小（小脑）时才具有临床重要性。对精神病院里患者的广泛研究表明，当头部比正常标准低三个以上标准差时，小头畸形、脑过小和智力迟钝之间存在密切关联。如果小头比正常标准低不到两个标准差，则与小脑过小或智力迟钝均无强烈关联。高分辨率超声能够在子宫内对胎儿头部进行成像，从而准确评估头部大小并检测颅内异常情况。本系列研究以两年内子宫内检测出的小头畸形胎儿为基础，这些胎儿与小头畸形儿童的已知临床数据显示出密切关联。本文提出了一种超声检测和评估胎儿小头畸形的方法。
