Bacon-Prue A, Blount R, Pickering D, Drabman R
J Appl Behav Anal. 1980 Spring;13(1):165-70. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-165.
This study assessed the effectiveness of three litter control procedures on the grounds of a residential retardation facility. Fifty-seven areas were divided into five groups according to the amount of litter they contained. Daily litter counts were made in one randomly chosen area for four of the groups and weekly litter counts were made from one randomly chosen area from the fifth group. After the baseline period, trash receptacles were placed a high traffic areas on the grounds of the facility. This was followed by the payment of two resident workers for picking up trash. In the next phase, marked pieces of litter were placed on the grounds, and residents voluntarily collected litter and turned it in at a central location. When a marked piece was turned in, that resident received $1.00 and had his or her picture taken and posted. This phase was followed by a return to the trash receptacles phase and then a return to the marked item phase. The results indicated that the marked item procedure was effective in reducing the amount of litter on the campus grounds, but the use of trash receptacles and the payment of resident workers for picking up litter did not noticeably reduce the amount of litter. The results are discussed in terms of the cost effectiveness of the procedures.
本研究评估了在一所住宅式智障设施场地内三种垃圾控制程序的有效性。57个区域根据其垃圾含量被分为五组。对其中四组，每天在一个随机选取的区域进行垃圾计数；对第五组，每周在一个随机选取的区域进行垃圾计数。在基线期之后，在设施场地的高流量区域放置了垃圾桶。接下来，支付两名住家工人清理垃圾的费用。在下一阶段，在场地放置有标记的垃圾碎片，居民自愿收集垃圾并在一个中心地点上交。当上交一块有标记的垃圾时，该居民可获得1美元，并为其拍照张贴照片。此阶段之后又回到放置垃圾桶阶段，然后再回到有标记物品阶段。结果表明，有标记物品程序在减少校园场地垃圾量方面是有效的，但使用垃圾桶以及支付住家工人清理垃圾的费用并未显著减少垃圾量。根据这些程序的成本效益对结果进行了讨论。
