Schmechel D E, Brightman M W, Marangos P J
Brain Res. 1980 May 19;190(1):195-214. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(80)91169-5.
The enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzymes, neuron-specific enolase (NSE, gamma gamma) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE, alpha alpha), are markers for neurons and glia, respectively, in adult mammalian brain. In developing fetal and early postnatal brain, levels of non-neuronal enolase (NNE) are high. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) appears only after neurogenesis begins in a given region and only slowly attains adult levels. Immunocytochemistry in developing rat and rhesus monkey brain reveals that proliferative zones that give rise to neurons are NNE(+). Thus, nerve cells must undergo a switch from NNE to NSE. In addition, study of neurons in cerebellum and neocortex reveals that they are NNE(+) during migration and only become NSE(+) in their final location, presumably after making full synaptic connections. Such migrating cells may contain hybrid enolase (alpha gamma) and some (e.g. cerebellar stellate/basket cells) may not completely switch over to NSE even in the adult. Neuron-specific enolase is not only a specific molecular marker for mature nerve cells, but is closely correlated to the differentiated state.
烯醇化酶（EC 4.2.1.11）同工酶，即神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE，γγ型）和非神经元烯醇化酶（NNE，αα型），分别是成年哺乳动物脑中神经元和神经胶质细胞的标志物。在发育中的胎儿及出生后早期的大脑中，非神经元烯醇化酶（NNE）的水平较高。神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）仅在特定区域神经发生开始后才出现，且仅缓慢达到成年水平。对发育中的大鼠和恒河猴大脑进行免疫细胞化学研究发现，产生神经元的增殖区呈NNE阳性。因此，神经细胞必须经历从NNE到NSE的转变。此外，对小脑和新皮质中神经元的研究表明，它们在迁移过程中呈NNE阳性，只有在最终位置（可能是在建立完整突触连接后）才变为NSE阳性。这种迁移细胞可能含有杂合烯醇化酶（αγ型），并且一些细胞（如小脑星状细胞/篮状细胞）即使在成年后也可能不会完全转变为NSE。神经元特异性烯醇化酶不仅是成熟神经细胞的特异性分子标志物，而且与分化状态密切相关。
