Rohatgi P K, Schwab L E
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980 Jun;134(6):1199-203. doi: 10.2214/ajr.134.6.1199.
Sarcoidosis has a variety of pulmonary manifestations including the nodular or acinar form. Occasionally this primary granulomatous process may cavitate. Six cases are described in the literature and three more are added in this report. The pathogenesis may be on the basis of ischemic or eosinophilic necrosis of conglomerate granulomas. Diagnosis requires the exclusion of other causes of cavitation such as neoplasm, mycobacteria, and fungi. The cavities are rather easily distinguished from dilated bronchi and bullae which may develop in chronic fibrotic sarcoidosis. Primary cavitating sarcoid usually occurs in young individuals with acinar or nodular disease elsewhere. The cavities are usually round, smooth-walled, and 3-5 cm in diameter. Fluid is not a prominent feature: regression with steroid treatment is not extensive as with other infiltrates. Thin-walled cavities may persist months after treatment.
结节病有多种肺部表现，包括结节状或腺泡状。偶尔，这种原发性肉芽肿过程可能会形成空洞。文献中描述了6例，本报告又增加了3例。其发病机制可能基于聚集性肉芽肿的缺血性或嗜酸性坏死。诊断需要排除其他导致空洞形成的原因，如肿瘤、分枝杆菌和真菌。这些空洞很容易与慢性纤维化结节病中可能出现的扩张支气管和肺大疱区分开来。原发性空洞性结节病通常发生在其他部位有腺泡状或结节状病变的年轻人中。空洞通常呈圆形，壁光滑，直径3至5厘米。液体不是突出特征：与其他浸润灶不同，激素治疗后的消退并不广泛。薄壁空洞在治疗后可能会持续数月。
