Reynolds J A, Harrington D G, Crabbs C L, Peters C J, Di Luzio N R
Infect Immun. 1980 Jun;28(3):937-43. doi: 10.1128/iai.28.3.937-943.1980.
Studies were conducted in mice, hamsters, sheep, and two species of nonhuman primates which demonstrate the adjuvant activity of a new metabolizable lipid emulsion with marginally immunogenic doses of Formalin-inactivated viral vaccines. The lipid base consists of highly refined peanut oil emulsified in aqueous vaccines with glycerol and lecithin. Hamsters and mice inoculated with lipid emulsion plus western or Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine were significantly more resistant than vaccinated controls to lethal homologous virus challenge. Sheep given one dose of lipid emulsion plus Rift Valley fever vaccine developed significantly higher antibody titers than control sheep receiving only vaccine. Cynomolgous monkeys inoculated with lipid emulsion plus Rift Valley fever vaccine developed 16-fold greater peak primary and 20-fold greater secondary antibody titers than those of vaccine controls. Similar lipid emulsion-Rift Valley fever studies in rhesus monkeys resulted in 37- and 300-fold increases in primary and secondary titers, respectively, compared with monkeys given vaccine alone. Neither the sequence of combining antigen with lipid nor the exact ratio of aqueous phase to lipid phase affected the survival of Venezuelan equine encephalitis-vaccinated mice challenged with homologous lethal virus. This lipid formulation has several advantages over other water-in-oil adjuvants for potential use in humans. The components are metabolizable or normal host constituents, it is easily emulsified with aqueous vaccines by gentle agitation, and it is relatively nonreactogenic in recipients.
在小鼠、仓鼠、绵羊和两种非人灵长类动物身上进行了研究，这些研究证明了一种新的可代谢脂质乳剂与低免疫原剂量的福尔马林灭活病毒疫苗联合使用时具有佐剂活性。脂质基质由高度精炼的花生油与甘油和卵磷脂在水性疫苗中乳化而成。接种脂质乳剂加西部或委内瑞拉马脑炎疫苗的仓鼠和小鼠，比仅接种疫苗的对照动物对致死性同源病毒攻击具有更强的抵抗力。接种一剂脂质乳剂加裂谷热疫苗的绵羊，其抗体滴度显著高于仅接种疫苗的对照绵羊。接种脂质乳剂加裂谷热疫苗的食蟹猴，其初次抗体峰值比疫苗对照组高16倍，二次抗体峰值高20倍。在恒河猴身上进行的类似脂质乳剂 - 裂谷热研究结果显示，与仅接种疫苗的猴子相比，初次和二次滴度分别提高了37倍和300倍。将抗原与脂质混合的顺序以及水相与脂质相的确切比例，均不影响接种委内瑞拉马脑炎疫苗后受到同源致死病毒攻击的小鼠的存活率。这种脂质制剂与其他油包水佐剂相比，在潜在用于人类方面具有几个优点。其成分是可代谢的或正常宿主成分，通过轻轻搅拌很容易与水性疫苗乳化，并且在接受者中相对无反应原性。
