Mathieu A, Dienstag J L
Anesth Analg (Paris). 1980;37(7-8):403-7.
Hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard of health professionals for many years. The recent findings concerning the structure of hepatitis A, B, non-A non-B, as well as refined testing procedures have increased the ability and thus the frequency of its diagnosis in occupationally exposed medical personnel. Other viruses such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can also be involved. Among the inferences to be drawn from recent research is that hepatitis B virus has been detected in virtually all body secretions, and several non-percutaneous modes of transmission have been implicated. Other than overt percutaneous inoculation with HBsAg contaminated needle or scalpel, many other possibilities for infection exist for anesthesiologists as demonstrated by the increased incidence of HbsASb in this population and operating room staff frequently exposed to blood and body fluids. Among the preventive measures in the O. R., the anesthesiologist should be aware and attempt to diagnose firstly the population at risk as chronic carriers, and use specific preventive measures when caring for such patients so as to minimize cross-infections (from the patient to the anesthesiologist) and from one patient to the other.
多年来，肝炎一直被认为是卫生专业人员的职业危害。最近关于甲型、乙型、非甲非乙型肝炎病毒结构的研究结果，以及改进的检测程序，提高了对职业暴露医务人员肝炎的诊断能力，从而增加了诊断频率。其他病毒，如爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）也可能涉及。从最近的研究中可以推断，几乎在所有人体分泌物中都检测到了乙型肝炎病毒，并且涉及几种非经皮传播方式。除了明显的经皮接种被HBsAg污染的针头或手术刀外，麻醉医生感染的其他可能性也很多，这在该人群中HBsASb发病率增加以及经常接触血液和体液的手术室工作人员中得到了证明。在手术室的预防措施中，麻醉医生应首先意识到并尝试诊断高危人群中的慢性携带者，并在护理此类患者时采取具体的预防措施，以尽量减少交叉感染（从患者到麻醉医生）以及从一名患者到另一名患者的感染。
