Tarika J S, Winger G
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980;70(2):201-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00435315.
Physical dependence on ethanol was produced in four rhesus monkeys by IV ethanol administration every 8 h. Ethanol was administered on each occasion until the eyeblink reflex was lost. Evidence of physical dependence development, in the form of tremoring 8 h after an infusion, appeared on day 8 of chronic administration. Abrupt cessation of ethanol administration following 16 days of chronic administration was accompanied by moderate to severe tremoring, retching, vomiting, and one or more convulsions. Peak withdrawal occurred between 12 and 32 h after abrupt discontinuation of ethanol administration, and decreased over a period of 64-204 h. Ethanol dependence was then reinstated. Once every 3-4 days, ethanol was withheld for 16 h. Withdrawal signs were scored for the first 12 h of this period, and then a test dose of ethanol, phenobarbital, or baclofen was administered. Withdrawal or intoxication signs were scored over the next 4 h, at which time ethanol administration was resumed. Both ethanol and phenobarbital suppressed ethanol withdrawal signs in a dose-related manner, and produced dose-related intoxication. Baclofen was largely ineffective in reducing withdrawal-induced tremors, although it was capable of producing sedation of a different type than that produced by phenobarbitol and ethanol.
通过每8小时静脉注射乙醇，使4只恒河猴产生对乙醇的身体依赖性。每次注射乙醇直至眨眼反射消失。在慢性给药第8天，出现了以输液后8小时震颤为形式的身体依赖性发展证据。在慢性给药16天后突然停止给予乙醇，随之出现中度至重度震颤、干呕、呕吐和一次或多次惊厥。戒断高峰出现在突然停止给予乙醇后的12至32小时之间，并在64 - 204小时内逐渐减轻。然后恢复乙醇依赖。每3 - 4天一次，停止给予乙醇16小时。在此期间的前12小时对戒断症状进行评分，然后给予一次乙醇、苯巴比妥或巴氯芬的试验剂量。在接下来的4小时内对戒断或中毒症状进行评分，此时恢复给予乙醇。乙醇和苯巴比妥均以剂量相关的方式抑制乙醇戒断症状，并产生剂量相关的中毒。巴氯芬在减轻戒断引起的震颤方面基本无效，尽管它能够产生与苯巴比妥和乙醇不同类型的镇静作用。
