Velasco I T, Pontieri V, Rocha e Silva M, Lopes O U
Am J Physiol. 1980 Nov;239(5):H664-73. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1980.239.5.H664.
Intravenous infusions of highly concentrated NaCl (2,400 mosmol/l; infused volume 4 ml/kg; equivalent to 10% of shed blood), given to lightly anesthetized dogs in severe hemorrhagic shock, rapidly restore blood pressure and acid base equilibrium toward normality. No appreciable plasma volume expansion occurs for at least 12 h, indicating that fluid shift into the vascular bed plays no essential role in this response. Initial effects wee sustained indefinitely; long term survival was 100%, compared to 0% for a similar group of controls treated with saline. Hemodynamic analysis of the effects of hyperosmotic NaCl showed that these infusions substantially increase mean and pulse arterial pressure, cardiac output and mesenteric flow, whereas heart rate was slightly diminished. These effects immediately follow infusions with no tendency to dissipate with time (6-h observation). We conclude that hyperosmotic NaCl infusions increase the dynamic efficiency of the circulatory system, enabling it to adequately handle oxygen supply and metabolite clearance, despite a critical reduction of blood volume.
给处于严重失血性休克的轻度麻醉犬静脉输注高浓度氯化钠（2400毫渗摩尔/升；输注量4毫升/千克；相当于失血量的10%），可迅速使血压和酸碱平衡恢复正常。至少12小时内未出现明显的血浆容量扩张，这表明液体向血管床的转移在这种反应中不起重要作用。最初的效果能无限期维持；长期存活率为100%，而接受生理盐水治疗的相似对照组的长期存活率为0%。对高渗氯化钠作用的血流动力学分析表明，这些输注显著增加平均动脉压和脉压、心输出量和肠系膜血流量，而心率略有下降。这些作用在输注后立即出现，且在6小时的观察期内没有随时间消散的趋势。我们得出结论，尽管血容量严重减少，但高渗氯化钠输注可提高循环系统的动态效率，使其能够充分处理氧气供应和代谢产物清除。
