Torda T A, Pybus D A, Liberman H, Clark M, Crawford M
Br J Anaesth. 1980 Sep;52(9):939-43. doi: 10.1093/bja/52.9.939.
Morphine sulphate 3 or 4 mg was administered to the extradural space in five volunteers. Morphine 10 or 15 mg i.m. was given as control. Extradural administration resulted in an increase of pain threshold in the legs but not in the forehead. There was no significant depression of carbon dioxide response or deterioration of co-ordination or short-term memory. I.m. morphine caused an increase in forehead pain threshold, depression of the carbon dioxide response and some deterioration of cerebral function. Extradural morphine caused urinary retention in four and inability to ejaculate in three of the subjects. The principal site of action of extradural morphine appears to be regional, at spinal cord level, but it appears that autonomic function as well as pain perception can be affected.
给五名志愿者的硬膜外腔注射3或4毫克硫酸吗啡。肌肉注射10或15毫克吗啡作为对照。硬膜外给药导致腿部痛阈升高，但前额痛阈未升高。二氧化碳反应无明显抑制，协调性或短期记忆也无恶化。肌肉注射吗啡导致前额痛阈升高、二氧化碳反应抑制以及脑功能有些恶化。硬膜外吗啡导致四名受试者出现尿潴留，三名受试者出现射精障碍。硬膜外吗啡的主要作用部位似乎是脊髓水平的局部，但自主神经功能以及痛觉似乎也会受到影响。
